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# @vue/server-renderer
**Note: as of 3.2.13+, this package is included as a dependency of the main `vue` package and can be accessed as `vue/server-renderer`. This means you no longer need to explicitly install this package and ensure its version match that of `vue`'s. Just use the `vue/server-renderer` deep import instead.**
## Basic API
### `renderToString`
**Signature**
```ts
function renderToString(
input: App | VNode,
context?: SSRContext
): Promise<string>
```
**Usage**
```js
const { createSSRApp } = require('vue')
const { renderToString } = require('@vue/server-renderer')
const app = createSSRApp({
data: () => ({ msg: 'hello' }),
template: `<div>{{ msg }}</div>`
})
;(async () => {
const html = await renderToString(app)
console.log(html)
})()
```
### Handling Teleports
If the rendered app contains teleports, the teleported content will not be part of the rendered string. Instead, they are exposed under the `teleports` property of the ssr context object:
```js
const ctx = {}
const html = await renderToString(app, ctx)
console.log(ctx.teleports) // { '#teleported': 'teleported content' }
```
## Streaming API
### `renderToNodeStream`
Renders input as a [Node.js Readable stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable).
**Signature**
```ts
function renderToNodeStream(input: App | VNode, context?: SSRContext): Readable
```
**Usage**
```js
// inside a Node.js http handler
renderToNodeStream(app).pipe(res)
```
**Note:** This method is not supported in the ESM build of `@vue/server-renderer`, which is decoupled from Node.js environments. Use `pipeToNodeWritable` instead.
### `pipeToNodeWritable`
Render and pipe to an existing [Node.js Writable stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_writable_streams) instance.
**Signature**
```ts
function pipeToNodeWritable(
input: App | VNode,
context: SSRContext = {},
writable: Writable
): void
```
**Usage**
```js
// inside a Node.js http handler
pipeToNodeWritable(app, {}, res)
```
### `renderToWebStream`
Renders input as a [Web ReadableStream](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Streams_API).
**Signature**
```ts
function renderToWebStream(
input: App | VNode,
context?: SSRContext
): ReadableStream
```
**Usage**
```js
// inside an environment with ReadableStream support
return new Response(renderToWebStream(app))
```
**Note:** in environments that do not expose `ReadableStream` constructor in the global scope, `pipeToWebWritable` should be used instead.
### `pipeToWebWritable`
Render and pipe to an existing [Web WritableStream](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WritableStream) instance.
**Signature**
```ts
function pipeToWebWritable(
input: App | VNode,
context: SSRContext = {},
writable: WritableStream
): void
```
**Usage**
This is typically used in combination with [`TransformStream`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TransformStream):
```js
// TransformStream is available in environments such as CloudFlare workers.
// in Node.js, TransformStream needs to be explicitly imported from 'stream/web'
const { readable, writable } = new TransformStream()
pipeToWebWritable(app, {}, writable)
return new Response(readable)
```
### `renderToSimpleStream`
Renders input in streaming mode using a simple readable interface.
**Signature**
```ts
function renderToSimpleStream(
input: App | VNode,
context: SSRContext,
options: SimpleReadable
): SimpleReadable
interface SimpleReadable {
push(content: string | null): void
destroy(err: any): void
}
```
**Usage**
```js
let res = ''
renderToSimpleStream(
app,
{},
{
push(chunk) {
if (chunk === null) {
// done
console(`render complete: ${res}`)
} else {
res += chunk
}
},
destroy(err) {
// error encountered
}
}
)
```